NDSRIs Crisis in Pharmaceuticals; Insights on Formation Pathways, Root Causes, Risk Management, and Novel Analytical Techniques

Abstract

The discovery of a new class of nitrosamine impurities called nitrosamine drug substance related impurities (NDSRIs) in pharmaceuticals has emerged as a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical sector due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Regulatory bodies globally in active collaboration with all the concerned stake holders, are taking effective measures to prevent and control NDSRIs. This comprehensive review on NDSRIs discusses formation pathways, root cause analysis, acceptable intake limits, case studies, control strategies and regulatory responses pertaining to recent NDSRI incidents. This review discusses the novel liquid chromatographic techniques (LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS) used to identify and quantify of NDSRIs. This review would aid pharmaceutical professionals, R&D analytical and formulation scientists, and regulatory bodies in gaining deeper insights into the NDSRIs crisis, controlling NDSRIs in drug products, and ensuring their sensitive detection with accurate risk evaluation.