Role of D-Dimer Test in β-Thalassemia patients

Abstract

Background and aim: β-Thalassemia is hereditary blood disorder that can cause deficient or absent synthesis of beta globin chains, leading to excess alpha chains. Thalassemias are prevalent throughout the Mediterranean region Africa, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and South-East Asia. The D-dimer is a dependable and sensitive key of fibrin deposition and steadying. In this way, its available in plasma should be reveal of thrombus formation,There are many circumstances unconnected to thrombosis in which D-dimer level are high, It is oftentimes used in the estimation of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), plus in identification of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) .Regular blood transfusion and compliance with iron chelation therapy has markedly improved life expectancy in thalassemia; however, this improvement is accompanied by several complications of this chronic disease including thromboembolic disorders. The objective of this work was planned to estimate the association between level of D-dimer protein in the blood and beta thalassemia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, case-control study was conducted on male patients (βT) (n=90) group at aged (4-29 years) and the patients samples collected according to duration of blood transfusion while the control male(n=45) group at the same aged, This study was conducted in thalassemia center in Babylon province, Iraq . The study extended from the start of October 2018 to the end of February 2019.The activity of D-Dimer protein test, Ferritin and hematological parameter (RBCs WBCs, HB, PCV and PLTs) were estimated. Results: plasma D-Dimer levels were significantly higher in BT patients compared to control groups. There were significantly (p<0.05) differences in these biomarkers (D-Dimer, Ferritin and hematological parameters between four age groups of duration of blood transfusion. a positive correlation between D-Dimer levels with PLTs ,Ferritin and duration blood transfusion in male patients with β-thalassemia. Conclusion:-Our study revealed the role of D-Dimer as biochemical risk factors of thromboembolic disorder as a result of complications related to the disease.