Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine in Prevention of Secondary Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients With Coronary Vessel Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Coronary vessel disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that impacts the blood vessels and heart and is one of the leading causes of disability and death. CVD includes cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease, both illnesses of the vessels transporting the oxygenated blood to the brain or heart. Colchicine is an inexpensive and old drug with strong anti-inflammatory effects. Numerous randomized control trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of low-dose colchicine for the prevention of severe cardiovascular events without showing any signs of serious adverse effects within the regime of treatment. In the current meta-analysis, we aim to assess the efficacy and safety of colchicine for secondary cardiovascular outcome prevention among patients with clinically proven CVD. The current meta-analysis was carried out using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PUBMED, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were used to search for RCTs comparing colchicine and placebos for the prevention of secondary cardiovascular outcomes. The primary efficacy endpoint was mortality due to cardiovascular disease, stroke, urgent coronary revascularization, and myocardial infarction. Secondary efficacy outcomes included death due to all-cause mortality. Seven RCTs were reviewed, with a pooled sample size of 12114, out of which 6099 were randomized to the colchicine group, and 6015 were randomized to the control group. The decrease in cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, urgent coronary revascularization, and cardiac-related death, was significantly lower in patients randomized to colchicine (p-value<0.05). The incidence of safety outcomes did not vary significantly different between groups (p>0.05). In patients with CVD, compared to standard medical therapy, colchicine significantly decreases the risk of cardiovascular events such as cardiovascular-related death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and urgent coronary revascularizations.