Multi-perspective evaluation of waste-derived cellulose fiber concrete: engineering performance, microstructure and sustainability

Abstract

This study evaluates the mechanical, durability, microstructural, and environmental performance of concrete incorporating cellulose fibers derived from waste paper. Two types of waste cellulose fibers are used: magazine paper and liquid plasterboard, with tensile strengths of 14.98 MPa and 5.74 MPa and water absorption rates of 1199.6% and 1157.9%, respectively. The inclusion of 1% waste cellulose fiber reduces drying shrinkage (14.4–22.4%) by gradually releasing absorbed water, thereby maintaining internal moisture within the concrete. However, compressive, splitting tensile, flexural strength and elastic modulus decrease. A performance-based life cycle assessment (cradle-to-end-of-construction), indicates global warming potentials of 1.81E + 01 kg CO₂ eq/m3 · MPa for liquid plasterboard and 1.50E + 01 kg CO₂ eq/m3 · MPa for magazine paper. This study links fiber characteristics and mix design to environmental and engineering trade-offs, emphasizing the need to optimize fiber treatment and interface properties to balance sustainability and mechanical integrity in waste-integrated concrete.