Stepwise isothermal fast pyrolysis (SIFP) of biomass. Part III. SIFP of olive oil industry wastes

Abstract

Pyrolysis of olive oil industry wastes was carried out using stepwise isothermal fast pyrolysis (SIFP). SIFP consists of a succession of isothermal fast pyrolysis reactions in which the solid products obtained from the previous isothermal fast pyrolysis reaction become the substrates for subsequent reactions at higher temperatures. This article reports the results obtained from the SIFP of olive oil residue carried out between the temperatures of 300 and 500 °C using 100 °C intervals under reduced pressure (200 mm Hg). The maximum yield of liquid products occurred at 300 °C and consisted of around 35% bio-oil, which contained mainly phenols, furans, and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). At 400 and 500 °C, FAME, which is derived from residual olive oil, was the major product.