Legal and Regulatory Challenges in the Implementation of Blockchain-Based Waqf in Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims to identify and analyze legal and regulatory challenges in the implementation of blockchain technology-based waqf in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach through case studies, data was obtained through in-depth interviews with Islamic financial regulators, academics in the field of law and technology, and digital waqf practitioners. This study also examines legal documentation and observations on digital waqf platforms that have implemented blockchain systems, such as Dompet Dhuafa and Waqf Chain. The results of the study show that the main obstacles lie in the absence of regulations that specifically regulate the use of smart contracts and digitization of waqf assets, doubts about sharia compliance, and low technological literacy among nazhir and the community. These findings indicate the need to strengthen legal and regulatory frameworks that are adaptive to technological developments, as well as to increase the capacity of waqf actors through training and socialization. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of synergy between legal authorities, waqf institutions, and technology developers to create a digital waqf ecosystem that is safe, transparent, and in accordance with sharia principles.