A comparative study of the cardioprotective effect of Metformin, Sitagliptin and Dapagliflozin on Isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in non-diabetic rats

Abstract

Acute myocardial infraction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity. As anti-diabetic drugs affect the cardiovascular risk of diabetic patients independent of their glucose lowering effect, this study was aimed to explore the cardioprotective effects of metformin, sitagliptin and dapagliflozin on electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, IL-1β, troponin I, caspase 3 in isoprenaline (ISO) induced MI in non-diabetic rats. The present study was conducted on 40 adult male Wistar albino rats. The rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups, 8 each: I-Normal Control (NC) group, II-ISO-induced MI control (ISO-MI) injected with ISO subcutaneously at a dose of 100 mg/kg to induce experimental AMI. III-A- Metformin treated ISO-induced MI group (300 mg/kg/day), III-B-Sitagliptin treated ISO-induced MI group (10 mg/kg/day) and III-C- Dapagliflozin treated ISO-induced MI group (5 mg/kg/day). Treated groups showed significant improvement at p < 0.05 of ECG parameters with a decrease HR, ST amplitude and QT interval as compared to ISO-MI group. There was significant reduction at p < 0.05 of serum levels of IL-1β, troponin I and caspase 3 in the treated groups. All medications proved to be effective in alleviating the harmful effects caused by ISO-induced MI evidenced by ECG readings and biochemical parameters. However, Dapagliflozin demonstrated a superior effect to Metformin and Sitagliptin.