Adaptive protection coordination in microgrid based on nature inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithm

Abstract

Ensuring a robust protection system is crucial for safeguarding the integrity of the overall system against abnormalities. Incorporating distributed generation (DG) into the distribution network can introduce fluctuations in fault current levels and directions, potentially causing mismatches in the response of the existing coordination system. This study proposes an adaptive protection coordination scheme designed to accommodate both grid-connected and standalone modes, addressing various fault scenarios. Utilizing a hybrid WCMFO algorithm, optimal relay settings are determined to facilitate effective coordination within a microgrid setup. The proposed method has been analyzed on 9 bus Canadian benchmark system integrated with four DGs. The performance of the proposed method is compared to other optimization techniques to demonstrate its effectiveness. System modelling is conducted using MATLAB/Simulink, and validation is further carried out using industrial ETAP software on a test microgrid system. The analysis extends to evaluating the enhancement in overall system reliability, quantified in terms of energy not supplied (ENS).