Epidemiological Profile of Patients Suffering from Urolithiasis in African Urological Environments from 2016 to 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Urolithiasis is a very common pathology in the world. Its epidemiological profile varies from one region to another. In Africa in general and in the Congo in particular, it seems to be unknown. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary paraclinical parameters of 167 adult patients with urolithiasis. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study conducted in the urology department of Brazzaville University Hospital over a period of five years. We studied sociodemographic, therapeutic and evolutive. Results: During the study period 167 patients were treated for urolithiasis out of 2236 patients, a hospital frequency of 7.46%. The sex ratio M/F was 1.49. The average age of the patients was 42.05 years. They were overweight and/or obese in 53% of cases. Workers accounted for 46.53% of cases, with a low socio-economic level (42.5%) and a lower level of education (68.31%). There was a high percentage of complications, dominated by hydronephrosis (66.33%) and urinary tract infection (59.4%). The treatment was surgical in the majority of cases or 74.8%. Thirty-three patients had a lithiasis recurrence, a frequency of 19.7%. Conclusion: Urolithiasis is common. Being overweight is the most found risk factor. Lithiasis recurrence affects nearly one in five patients.