Is the Theory of Planned Behavior a good model for predicting salt consumption behavior in pregnant women? A structural equation modeling approach

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable illnesses are the leading reason for wide-reaching death. Reducing the burden of these illnesses is one of the significant objectives of the World Health Organization's action plan. In this respect, reducing salt consumption is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions. The present study aimed to adjust the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in expecting salt consumption behavior in pregnant women visiting the health centers in Birjand. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 273 pregnant women who visited the health centers in Birjand were selected through Quota sampling method. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire based on the TPB constructs. The data analysis was done in SPSS 19 and AMOS 24. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 27.33 ± 5.77 years, and their mean gestational age was 12.67 ± 4.11 weeks. The mean score of attitude construct was 86.54 ± 8.50, subjective norm construct 36.59 ± 4.47, perceived behavioral control construct 41.63 ± 7.01, intention construct 16.01 ± 2.65 and behavior construct 19.86 ± 2.57. There was a statistically significant relationship between attitude construct (p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control (p < 0.001), and intention (p < 0.001) with salt consumption behavior (p < 0.05). The goodness of fit indices showed a proper fit of data (χ2/df = 1.94, PNFI = 0.6, TLI = 0.9, CFI = 0.9 and RMSE = 0.06). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the TPB is an appropriate model for reviewing the behavior of salt consumption. Hence, this model offers a suitable basis for designing an educational intervention to regulate the quantity of salt consumed by pregnant women and; thus, its usage in health promotion programs is suggested.