Effects of training on the development of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in horses

Abstract

Objectives - To compare the development of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in horses before and after training, and to determine whether increases in maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) following training results in a greater degree of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia. Animals - 13 three- to five-year-old Standardbred geldings without clinical signs of respiratory or cardiovascular disorders. Procedure - Horses were rested for 4 months prior to commencing a 16-week training program. Arterial blood was collected from the transverse facial artery during standardized exercise tests performed before and after 8 and 16 weeks of training. Variables measured during exercise tests included arterial blood gas tensions and V̇O2max. Training and testing was performed on a treadmill set at a 10% slope. Results - Minimum arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) during exercise decreased from 83.3 ± 1.5 mm of Hg before training to 77.8 ± 1.0 mm of Hg after 16 weeks of training. Maximum arterial oxygen content increased from 239.2 ± 3.1 to 257.9 ± 3.8 ml/L, which resulted from an increase in hemoglobin concentration. The V̇O2max increased by 19% following training. Minimum values of PaO2 and arterial oxygen saturation were significantly correlated with V̇O2max when data from each stage of training were pooled. Calculated values for minimum alveolar oxygen tension decreased after 8 weeks of training, and alveolar ventilation increased at the end of training. Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference increased by 4 mm of Hg following training. Conclusions - In trained horses, an increase in V̇O2max is associated with a decrease in minimum PaO2 during intense exercise and is mostly attributable to an increase in the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. Therefore, interpretation of blood gas data from exercising horses should take into consideration V̇O2max.