Ultra-Wideband Circular Polarized Implantable Patch Antenna for Implantable Blood Glucose Detection System Applications

Abstract

To address the current demands for antenna miniaturization, ultra-bandwidth, and circular polarization in advanced medical devices, a novel ISM band implantable antenna for blood glucose monitoring has been developed. This antenna achieves miniaturization by incorporating slots in the radiation patch and adding symmetric short-circuit probes, resulting in a compact size of only 0.054λ0 × 0.054λ0 × 0.005λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength in free space in respect of the lowest working frequency). By combining two resonance points and utilizing a differential feed structure, the antenna achieves ultra-broadband and circular polarization. Simulations indicate a |S11| bandwidth of 1.1 GHz (1.65–2.75 GHz) and an effective axial ratio (based on 3 dB axis ratio) bandwidth of 590 MHz (1.89–2.48 GHz), able to cover both the ISM frequency band (2.45 GHz) and the mid-field frequency band (1.9 GHz). The antenna exhibits CP gains of −20.04 dBi at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, while it shows gains of −24.64 dBi at 1.9 GHz. Furthermore, a superstrate layer on the antenna’s radiating surface enhances its biocompatibility and minimizes its impact on the human body. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the antenna can establish a stable wireless communication link for implantable continuous blood glucose monitoring systems.