Magnetite Nanoparticles as Effective Adsorbent for Water Purification-A Review

Abstract

Dietary factors have significant effects on cognition. Individual dietary-related factors might affect brain function in many different ways. For example, homocysteine, a diet-related factor, is directly toxic to neurons and astrocytes, activates microglia, and impairs endothelial function and blood–brain barrier. Homocysteine and its oxidized metabolite homocysteic acid may also increase beta-amyloid and increase phosphorylated tau protein in the presence of Alzheimer’s disease. The homocysteine–methionine cycle is vitally important for methylating reactions involved in the production of neurotransmitters and myelin, degradation of catecholamines, and neurogenesis. Dietary factors affect the local and systemic metabolism of homocysteine by influencing the demand for methylation, and by providing substrates and coenzymes in the cycle and its related metabolic pathways. Excess homocysteine may lower methylation potential in the brain, primarily due to the inhibitory effect of S-adenosylhomocysteine, a reversible metabolite of homocysteine, on methylation reactions.