Hemodynamic and humoral effects of vasopeptidase inhibition in canine hypertension

Abstract

Vasopeptidase inhibitors are potent new antihypertensive agents. The dual inhibition of ACE and neutral endopeptidase may result in synergistic humoral effects with unique hemodynamic actions. We investigated the hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of vasopeptidase inhibition in conscious dogs made hypertensive by bilateral renal wrapping and subsequently instrumented for long-term assessment of left ventricular pressure and volume (n=8). Intravenous vasopeptidase inhibition (omapatrilat, 30 μmol/kg over 10 minutes) reduced peak left ventricular pressure (171±6 versus 130±6 mm Hg immediately after infusion, P<0.01) through arterial vasodilation (arterial elastance, 9.8±0.8 to 5.8±1.6 mm Hg/mL, P<0.01) and preload reduction (left ventricular end-diastolic volume, 51.1±6.8 to 46.0±6.9 mL, P<0.01). At 60 minutes, preload decreased further (40.5±5.9 mL, P<0.01 versus baseline). Vasopeptidase inhibition increased plasma levels of adrenomedullin (41.2±9.6 versus 72.3±15 pg/mL, P<0.01), whereas levels of the natriuretic peptides and cGMP were unchanged. Similar hemodynamic and humoral effects were observed with long-term therapy. Neither an equimolar dose of an ACE inhibitor (fosinopril) nor exogenous adrenomedullin had as potent of a hypotensive effect, and neither reduced preload. In summary, the potent short-term and long-term hypotensive effects of vasopeptidase inhibition were prominently mediated by preload reduction, an effect not reproduced by ACE inhibition nor adrenomedullin augmentation and not associated with enhanced natriuretic peptide levels. Combined arterial vasodilation and preload reduction may confer additional potency as well as unique cardioprotective effects. Synergistic effects on humoral and probably endothelial vasodilatory factors appear to be important in mediating the unique hemodynamic profile of vasopeptidase inhibition in this form of experimental hypertension.