Genotype-by-environment interaction and phenotypic stability of Musa germplasm in West & Central Africa

  • Decauwer I
  • Ortiz R
  • Vuylsteke D
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Abstract

A multilocational evaluation trial comprising 18 Musa genotypes was carried out from 1991 to 1994 in three representative locations in the Humid Forest (Onne, Nigeria and M'Balmayo, Cameroon) and the Forest-Savanna Transition ([badan, Nigeria) zones of West and Central Africa. The main objective was to evaluate the performance of improved Musa germplasm under different agro-ecological conditions, thereby assessing the genotype-by-environment interaction (GxE) for specific traits and yield stability. Hybrids, their parental genotypes together with plantain and banana landraces, were included in the trial for comparison purposes. Differences between the genotypes and environments were significant for all traits. Number of days to fruit filling was the only trait not affected by location effects. Due to a large number of fruits and high fruit weight, the improved germplasm showed heavier bunches than their parents, even though they had fewer hands. The GxE affected all traits, except fruit circumference. Genotype-by-location effects were significant for bunch weight, number of hands, number of fruits and fruit weight. Most of the traits were not affected by genotype-by-cycle interaction at Onne and at [badan. These observations suggest that multilocational trials may be more efficient than single site trials over several years. Stability analysis of bunch weight and yield potential, based on the phenotypic coefficient of variation, allowed the identification of high and stable yielding genotypes, e.g. the black sigatoka resistant hybrids TMPx 1658-4 and TMPx 2796-5. RESUME Une essai multilocal comprenant 18 genotypt:s de Musa a ete conduit de 1991 a 1994 dans 3 sites representatifs dans la foret humide (Onne, Nigeria and M'Balmayo, Cameroun) et dans la zone de transition Foret-Savanne ([badan, Nigeria) en Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale. L'objectif principal etait d'evaluer la performance de germoplasme ameliore de Musa sous differentes conditions agroecologiques afin de determiner l'interaction genotype x environement (G x E) pour des traits specifiques ainsi que la stabilite du rendement. Les hybrides, leurs genotypes parentaux ensemble avec les plantains ainsi que les bananiers locaux ont ete inclus dans I'essai pour les comparer. Les differences entre Ie genotype et I'environnement etaient significatifs pour tous les traits. Le nombre de jour pour Ie remplissage de fruits etaitIe seul trait qui n'etait pas affecte par les effets de sites. A cause du nombre et du poids eleves des fruits, les genotypes ameliores ont donne des regimes plus lourds que leurs parents en depit du petit nombre des mains. L'interaction G x E a affecte tous les traits, excepte la circonference des fruits. Les effets de l'interactjon genotype x site etaient significatifs pour Ie poids des regimes, nombre des mains, nombre et poids des fruits. La plupart des traits n'etaient pas affectes par l'interaction genotype x cycle vegetatif a Onne et a [badan. Ces observations suggerent que les essais multilocaux sont plus efficients que les essais 426 I. DECAUWER etal. en site unique sur plusieus SaiSOIlS. L'analyse de la stabilite du poids de regime ainsi que du potential productif, base sur Ie coefficient de variation du caracrere phenotypique permet I'identification des genotypes stables et plus producteurs, c'est Ie cas des hybrides TMPX16S8-4 et TMPx2796-S resistants Ii la cercosporiose noire.

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APA

Decauwer, I., Ortiz, R., & Vuylsteke, D. (2010). Genotype-by-environment interaction and phenotypic stability of Musa germplasm in West & Central Africa. African Crop Science Journal, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v3i4.54485

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