Clinical significance of diminutive colonic polyps in elderly patients

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Excision of premalignant polyps has a significant impact on reducing colorectal cancer mortality and morbidity. Colonoscopy is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis and affords an opportunity for treatment of colonic polyps. In recent years, serious debates have taken place because of the biological characteristics of diminutive polyps (DPs), polypectomy complications, and serious costs. There has not yet been a consensus on the management of DPs. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the real clinical importance of DPs smaller than 5 mm in diameter, which are frequently seen in geriatric patients by new endoscopic techniques, and to help in determining screening and surveillance programs. Methods: The patients who underwent colonoscopy and were found to have a diminutive colorectal polyp (<5mm from September 1, 2016 through September 1, 2017), were classified into 3 groups according to the imaging method used: flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE), narrow band imaging (NBI), or I-SCAN. In all groups, demographic data were compared according to Paris classification (morphologic) and Kudo classification (correla-tion between the prediction of endoscopic diagnosis and final pathological examination) in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values. Results: Two hundred sixty-seven patients were included in the study: 97 in the NBI group, 83 in the FICE group, and 87 in the I-SCAN group. There were no statistically significant differences between NBI, FICE, and I-SCAN in differentiating neoplastic and nonneoplastic polyps, according to the Kruskal-Wallis test (P = .809). Conclusions: The estimated progression rates of DPs to advanced adenomas or colorectal cancer (CRC) are very low. Missing these polyps or not excising them may lead to failure to diagnose some cancers. There is a need for further comprehensive studies of removing all polyps to determine whether non–high-risk lesions require further pathologic examination and to re-examine routine surveillance programs.