CR2+ Marginal Zone B Cell Production of Pathogenic Natural Antibodies Is C3 Independent

Abstract

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR)–induced damage requires complement receptor 2 (CR2) for generation of the appropriate natural Ab repertoire. Pathogenic Abs recognize neoantigens on the ischemic tissue, activate complement, and induce intestinal damage. Because C3 cleavage products act as ligands for CR2, we hypothesized that CR2hi marginal zone B cells (MZBs) require C3 for generation of the pathogenic Abs. To explore the ability of splenic CR2+ B cells to generate the damaging Ab repertoire, we adoptively transferred either MZBs or follicular B cells (FOBs) from C57BL/6 or Cr2−/− mice into Rag-1−/− mice. Adoptive transfer of wild type CR2hi MZBs but not CR2lo FOBs induced significant damage, C3 deposition, and inflammation in response to IR. In contrast, similarly treated Rag-1−/− mice reconstituted with either Cr2−/− MZB/B1 B cells (B1Bs) or FOBs lacked significant intestinal damage and displayed limited complement activation. To determine whether C3 cleavage products are critical in CR2-dependent Ab production, we evaluated the ability of the natural Ab repertoire of C3−/− mice to induce damage in response to IR. Infusion of C3−/− serum into Cr2−/− mice restored IR-induced tissue damage. Furthermore, Rag-1−/− mice sustained significant damage after infusion of Abs from C3−/− but not Cr2−/− mice. Finally, adoptive transfer of MZBs from C3−/− mice into Rag-1−/− mice resulted in significant tissue damage and inflammation. These data indicate that CR2 expression on MZBs is sufficient to induce the appropriate Abs required for IR-induced tissue damage and that C3 is not critical for generation of the pathogenic Abs.