Dynamically generated quadrupole polarization using Floquet adiabatic evolution

Abstract

We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of the S=1 quantum spin chain subjected to a time-dependent external drive, where the driving frequency is adiabatically decreased as a function of time (Floquet adiabatic evolution). We show that, when driving the rhombic anisotropy term (known as the two-axis countertwisting in the context of squeezed spin states) of a Néel antiferromagnet, we can induce an overall enhancement in the quadrupole polarization, while at the same time suppressing the staggered magnetization order. The system evolves into a new state with a net quadrupole moment and antiferroquadrupolar correlations. This state remains stable at long times once the driving frequency is kept constant. On the other hand, we find that we cannot achieve a quadrupole polarization for the symmetry-protected Haldane phase, which remains robust against such driving.