Malaria vaccine acceptance among next of kin of children under 5 years of age in Gulu, northern Uganda in 2023: a community-based study

Abstract

Background: Malaria is a leading cause of death among children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. The malaria vaccine is an important preventive measure introduced by the World Health Organization to reduce malaria and its associated mortality and morbidity. We aimed to assess the acceptance of the malaria vaccine among next of kin of children under 5 years of age in Gulu City, Northern Uganda. Methods: Between October and December 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Pece–Laroo division, Gulu City, Uganda. Socio-demographic, vaccine profile and health system factors were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using STATA 16 to determine factors associated with acceptance of the malaria vaccine among next of kin of children under 5 years. Results: A total of 432 participants were enrolled. Of these, the majority were female (72.5%, n = 313) with most aged 30 years and above (51.2%, n = 221). Overall, 430 (99.5%) participants had good knowledge about malaria. The majority (91.4%, n = 395) had good acceptance of the malaria vaccine. Factors independently associated with acceptance of the malaria vaccine were knowing a child who died of malaria [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.13, p = 0.022] and preferring the injection route for a malaria vaccine (aPR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.06–1.22, p < 0.001). All 395 participants with good knowledge of malaria had good acceptance of the malaria vaccine (p = 0.007). Conclusion: There was a high acceptance of the malaria vaccine in Laroo–Pece division, Gulu, Uganda. However, there is a need for further health education to achieve universal acceptability of the malaria vaccine in preparation for the malaria vaccine implementation program in Uganda.