Potentiality of Formulated Bioagents from Lab to Field: A Sustainable Alternative for Minimizing the Use of Chemical Fungicide in Controlling Potato Late Blight

Abstract

Late blight of potato caused by an oomycete, Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary limits the production of potato worldwide. Late blight management has been based on chemical fungicide application, and the repeated use of these fungicides introduces new and more aggressive genotypes, which can rapidly overcome host resistance. Therefore, innovative and effective control measures are needed if fungicide use is to be reduced or eliminated. Some potential formulated bacterial bioagents viz. Pseudomonas putida (BDISO64RanP) and Bacillus subtilis (BDISO36ThaR), and fungal bioagents viz. Trichoderma paraviridicens (BDISOF67R) and T. erinaceum (BDISOF91R), were evaluated for their performance in controlling late blight of potato under growth chamber and field conditions. Both artificial inoculation and field experiments revealed that eight sprays of these bacterial (P. putida and B. subtilis) and fungal (T. erinaceum) bioagents were found to be most effective at reducing late blight severity by 99% up until 60 days after planting (DAP), whereas these bioagents were found to be partially effective until 70 DAP, reducing late blight severity by 46 to 60% and 58 to 60% in the field and growth chamber conditions, respectively. However, these bioagents can reduce the spray frequencies of Curzate M8 by 50% (four sprays instead of eight) when applied together with this fungicide. Economic analysis revealed that T6 (eight sprays of formulated P. putida + B. subtilis + four sprays of Curzate M8) and T16 (eight sprays of formulated P. putida, B. subtilis, and T. erinaceum + four sprays of Curzate M8) performed better in consecutive two years, applying less fungicidal spray compared to T1 (eight sprays of Curzate M8 (Positive control)), which indicated that the return ranged, by Bangladeshi Currency (Taka), from 0.85 to 0.90 over the investment of Bangladeshi Currency (Taka) 1.00 in these treatments, and these results together highlight the possibility of using bioagents in reducing late blight of potato under a proper warning system to reduce the application frequency of chemical fungicide.