Preparing Students for AI-Powered Learning: The Mediating Power of Self-Efficacy between Holistic Engagement and Digital Readiness

Abstract

Integrating digital platforms and generative AI into higher education requires an understanding of the psychological factors that influence student adaptation. In this study, 338 students were surveyed to explore how engagement (emotional, behavioral, and cognitive), self-efficacy, and digital readiness interact, using adapted scales and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate that engagement strongly affects digital readiness (β = .55, p < .001) and self-efficacy (β = .83, p < .001). Self-efficacy predicts readiness (β = .31, p < .001) and mediates the relationship between engagement and readiness (β = .25). In the GenAI era, self-confidence is as crucial as technical skills for digital adaptation in education. The study recommends frameworks such as the Agile Pedagogy to increase confidence and support adaptation.