Treatments for Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes-Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Measurements

Abstract

Obesity, hypertension, obesity-related hypertension such as hypertension with diabetes are growing health problems. Obesity, hypertension and diabetes are important, independent risk factors for the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension in obesity is characterized by stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), elevated sympathetic activity, insulin resistance and selective leptin resistance. It is known that these characteristics, even in isolation, constitute risk factors for cardiovascular disease onset and progression. Therefore, pharmacological treatments should be selected based on favourable effects on insulin resistance, stimulated RAAS and sympathetic nervous systems.