Vitiligo and the Role of Newer Therapeutic Modalities

Abstract

Our understanding of the etiology of vitiligo, which is now categorically recognized as an autoimmune illness characterized by the occurrence of chalky-white patches over the skin as a consequence of focal melanocyte loss, has made significant strides in recent years. The notion that vitiligo results from a mix of etiologic factors that affect melanocyte functionality rather than solely due to underlying mutations, melanocytes reacting to chemical or radiation exposure, or hyperreactive T cells, has undoubtedly remained consistent. Since then, new research has contributed to our understanding of gradual depigmentation. The next stage of vitiligo research-the expansion of efficient therapeutic modalities-will be propelled by knowledge of the relative significance of such etiologic aspects and a thorough evaluation of the most targetable pathways. Although vitiligo is frequently written off as a cosmetic issue, it can have terrible psychological implications and significantly interfere with daily activities. A patient's interpersonal and social conduct may be impacted by their perception of stigmatization, which ultimately raises their chance of developing depression. This review is a summary of various theories of the pathogenesis of vitiligo as well as an overview of the therapeutic modalities that are currently available for the same.