Root infection of canker pathogens, Fusarium circinatum and Diplodia sapinea, in asymptomatic trees in Pinus radiata and Pinus pinaster plantations

Abstract

The existence of a latent stage within host tissue of the pine pathogens Fusarium circinatum and Diplodia sapinea, the causal agents of pitch canker and shoot blight disease respectively, has previously been cited. However, studies on this cryptic phase in each disease lifecycle has only been focused on the host aerial parts but not on the roots. Therefore, our objective was to analyze the presence of both pathogens in roots of non-symptomatic mature trees in plantations where the pathogens are known to be causing canker symptoms. For that, we sampled roots from ten non-symptomatic and ten symptomatic trees in three Pinus radiata and one Pinus pinaster plantations in Basque Country, Spain. Both pathogens were isolated from roots of non-symptomatic trees in a higher frequency than from roots of symptomatic trees, 23.3% and 6.6% respectively for D. sapinea and 16.6% and 3.3% respectively for F. circinatum. Neither pathogens was detected in the P. pinaster plantation. The two pathogens were never isolated from the same tree. A high molecular variability was observed for D. sapinea isolates with six different haplotypes and two mating types for the eleven characterized isolates, but only one haplotype and mating type was found for F. circinatum, with all isolates of both fungi being proved pathogenic. These results evidence the importance root infection may have in the disease lifecycle and, therefore, disease management.