Lactoferrin, lysozyme, and β2-microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid: Elevated levels in patients with acute cerebrovascular lesions as indices of inflammation

Abstract

Serial determinations of β2,-microglobulin, lactoferrin and lysozyme in CSF were performed in 14 patients with acute cerebrovascular lesions. Marked elevations were noted in patients with cerebral bleeding or hemorrhagic infarction. Patients with infarction without signs of bleeding or with cerebrovascular lesions undetectable by computed tomography also had an increase in these proteins. The increases in CSF of β2-microglobulin, lactoferrin and lysozyme could not be explained by a damaged blood-brain barrier but was believed to be a local product of the central nervous system. Peak levels of lactoferrin and lysozyme were noted on day 2-3 after onset of symptoms. Lactoferrin then declined while lysozyme remained elevated for another few days. β2-microglobulin gradually increased reaching peak levels on day 4-5 and remained elevated even 2 weeks after the onset of symptoms. We suggest that the increases of lactoferrin, lysozyme and β2-microglobulin reflect various inflammatory reactions mediated by granulocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, respectively. © 1981 American Heart Association, Inc.