Energy efficient cross-layer routing protocols for iot applications - A compendious review

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is regarded as one of the fastest and emerging technologies providing a life-long solution towards accessing the affordable and clean energy around the world. There are various protocols and techniques involved in IoT. While generic protocols use travel through every layer linearly, cross layered protocols can skip the layers and directly reach the targeted layer. However, there is a demanded for cross-layered approaches to tackle the common requirements of every layer implemented in TCP/IP protocol suite. Hence, this paper aims to deliver a compendious review of energy-efficient cross-layer routing protocols for IoT networks. Novel contributions by different researchers across the world with regard to proposed routing protocols is studied and compared. The comparative analysis of routing protocols is performed on the basis of technical specifications primarily focusing on energy-efficiency. Applications of the cross layered mechanism in IoT is presented along with the issues and challenges faced. It was found that most of these protocols lacked the features of security and mobility since they were based on either Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) or Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). A hybrid energy efficient cross layered protocol is proposed as a future scope.