Humanin and Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are encoded by mitochondrial DNA. MDPs include humanin, ribosomal ribonucleic acid type c (MOTS-c), and small humanin-like peptides 1–6 (SHLP1–6). In times of stress, they support mitochondrial activity and cell survival. MDPs influence cell survival, metabolism, stress response, and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Recent research shows MDPs play a significant role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. In addition, possible pathogenic pathways include ischemia, reperfusion damage, fibrosis, and coronary microcirculatory dysfunction. CVD biomarkers or therapy targets, MDPs. This group of peptides includes humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLPs. Humanin reduces oxidative stress by inhibiting mitochondrial complex 1 activity. MDPs have been shown to help metabolic illnesses including type 2 diabetes. Humanin may be utilized as a marker for mitochondrial activity in cardiovascular illness or as an endothelial dysfunction treatment. This review will address humanin’s novel roles and its biological relevance in cardiovascular diseases.