Staphylococci and zoonotic potential: Oral carriage and antibiotic susceptibility in healthy dogs and cats in Algeria

Abstract

This study aimed at identifying species of staphylococci isolated from the oral cavity of dogs and cats, in Algeria, and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility. Oral swabs were collected from 70 healthy animals (35dogs and 35cats) and were grown in Mannitol Salt Agar medium. Isolates were identified using API staph commercial kits and then confirmed with MALDI-TOF MS associated with SARAMIS software. Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion method. On the 70 sampled animals, 59 were carriers of staphylococci in the oral cavity and more than one species was detected in 11 of them. Seventy (70) staphyloccoccal isolates were obtained belonging to 10 different species. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were most prevalent (81.42%), of which the dominant species was S.xylosus (40%). Other coagulase-negative species, such as S, simulans (14.28%), S, sciuri (11.42%), S.saprophyticus (10%), S.capitis (2.85%), S, cohniisubspcohnii (1.42%), and S, epidermidis (1.42%) were also isolated. The remaining n.13 CoPS included: S.intermedius (2.85%), S.pseudintermedius (8.57%) and S. intermedius group (SIG) (4.28%). No strain of S. aureus was found. Results of antimicrobial resistance showed that 61.53% of CoPS isolates were resistant to at least two drugs. The highest rate of resistance was observed against penicillin, ampicillin and tetracycline (53.84% for each drug), while amoxicillin-clavulanate was active on most isolates. In Algeria, stray dogs and cats are carriers of many staphylococci species in the oral cavity, including multidrug resistant CoPS, which could be transmitted to humans through bites.