Analysis of Critical Factors and Strategies for Implementing and Using BIM in the Public Sector

Abstract

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a widely adopted technology in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AECO) sector, with a commercial applicability of over 20 years. However, it has not yet reached all sectors and professionals within the industry. Given this reality, this work aims to identify successful strategies and critical factors reported in global public sector experiences of BIM implementation and usage, to pinpoint the necessary approaches for its development. A systematic literature review was conducted with a qualitative-quantitative approach to achieve this. The results highlight that factors related to cultural change and training are the most critical, along with integrating technology into processes, the lack of BIM standardization, and a lack of government incentives. In light of these findings, it is understood that BIM is predominantly used for modeling, and there are still gaps in understanding the technology's use for information management. This research also presents correlations between the factors identified by authors, associating them with suggested or implemented strategies in successful experiences. These contributions can serve as the basis for further studies on maturity diagnosis or assist in formulating future BIM implementation strategies.