Emerging Fungal Infections in Cancer Patients- A Brief Overview

Abstract

The incidence of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised cancer patients has continued to increase over the last few decades. With an increase in the use of broad spectrum antifungal prophylaxis, changes in transplant protocols, novel chemotherapeutic agents as conditioning regimens, use of potent B and T cell immunosuppressive agents to decrease the incidence of graft virus host disease, and an increase in the immunocompromised pool of patients, there has been a noticeable shift in the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections. Empiric therapy targeting frequently reported or expected fungal pathogens may fail because of the emergence of rare pathogens and a change in risk factors in the host. Emergence of rare yeasts and molds, often poses a challenge to clinicians involved in the care of these patients. This article provides a brief overview of rare fungal pathogens that have emerged in cancer patients over the last several years. It is meant to deliver an integrated and strategical approach for the diagnosis and management of these unique infections, from a clinical perspective.