Intravenous magnesium sulfate prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery

Abstract

Objective: Atrial fibrillation is a rhythm disorder commonly seen early after coronary artery bypass grafting, and it increases morbidity. Methods: To investigate the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate in the prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation, we conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study on 200 consecutive patients in whom we performed elective and initial coronary artery bypass grafting operations. In each group 50% of patients underwent beating-heart operations. In the treatment group 100 patients (76 men and 24 women; mean age, 57.63 ± 9.68 years) received 24.34 mEq (3 g) of magnesium sulfate in 100 mL of saline solution that was administered over 2 hours (50 mL/h) preoperatively, perioperatively, and at postoperative days 0, 1, 2, and 3. In the control group 100 patients (74 men and 26 women; mean age, 59.96 ± 9.29 years) received only 100 mL of saline solution according to the same administration schedule as the treatment group. Results: Atrial fibrillation developed in 15 patients from the treatment group and in 16 patients from the control group. The arrhythmia developed after 37.87 ± 12.76 and 45.26 ± 15.27 hours in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Although a significant relationship was found between low magnesium sulfate levels and increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (P < .05), when the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation is concerned, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups (P > .05). Also, no significant difference was found between operations with cardiopulmonary bypass and beating-heart operations in terms of atrial fibrillation incidence (P > .05). However, atrial fibrillation extended the duration of hospital stay in both groups (P < .05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that magnesium sulfate infusion alone is not sufficient for the prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation.