New Pharmacological Strategies and Their Mechanism of Action in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Abstract

Pulmonary TB (TBP), caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the most prevalent and deadly infectious diseases worldwide. With approximately a quarter of the global population affected, TB is one of the main causes of mortality within the spectrum of infectious diseases. Given this reality, there is an urgent need to explore and analyze new strategies that offer hope in the fight against this disease. The present article aims to offer an analytical review of emerging strategies in the treatment of TB. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive review methodology has been adopted, covering a wide range of recent bibliographic sources, including academic research and specialized literature. The purpose is to compile and synthesize the most significant and up-to-date contributions in the field, thus providing a clear and current overview of advances in the fight against TB. The article is structured in key sections covering the introduction to the basic concepts of TBS, the epidemiology and the interaction between Mtb and the host immune response, focusing on granuloma formation. In addition, pharmacodynamics and conventional treatments are discussed, along with a critical review on drug resistance. It concludes by highlighting the need for innovation and personalization in treatments to address drug resistance, offering a comprehensive view of the current challenges and solutions in TB management.