Overcoming Barriers to Inclusive and Equitable Education: A Systematic Review Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4)

Abstract

The UN adopted the SDGs in 2015 with a 2030 horizon. SDG 4 prioritizes equitable education and lifelong learning (Hanemann, 2019), positioning quality education as a human right and socioeconomic catalyst. Kioupi and Voulvoulis (2019) posit SDG 4's centrality to other SDGs, given education's role in decision-making. Despite global advancements, barriers persist, especially for marginalized demographics, necessitating systemic analysis. SDG 4 interlinks with broader SDGs (BMWZ, 2024; CoE, 2023; UN, 2021). Enhanced access juxtaposes ongoing disparities, predominantly affecting disadvantaged cohorts. This multifaceted issue demands rigorous inquiry to formulate strategies promoting inclusive education within Agenda 2030 (German Government, 2024; CoE, 2023; UN, 2021). A holistic view accentuates education's societal impact, advocating context-specific interventions for educational parity amidst socioeconomic and ecological complexities. Implementing these strategies necessitates interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative approaches to overcome structural impediments. Furthermore, research underscores the need for continuous evaluation and adaptation of educational policies to ensure their efficacy in evolving global contexts.