Transport defects of amino acids at the cell membrane: Cystinuria, lysinuric protein intolerance and hartnup disorder

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Abstract

Inherited defects in amino acid transport at the cell membrane are usually expressed as selective renal aminoaciduria, i.e. the concentration of the affected amino acids is high in the urine while it is normal or low in plasma. Intestinal absorption of the affected amino acids is also almost always impaired. The clinical symptoms thus result from excess of certain amino acids in urine or lack of them in tissues. Consequently, in cystinuria renal stones may be formed because of high urinary concentration of poorly soluble cystine. In lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), the transporter defect for the dibasic cationic amino acids leads to poor intestinal absorption and urinary loss of arginine, ornithine and lysine.

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N Ä Nt Ö -Salonen, K., Niinikoski, H., & Simell, O. G. (2012). Transport defects of amino acids at the cell membrane: Cystinuria, lysinuric protein intolerance and hartnup disorder. In Inborn Metabolic Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment (pp. 363–372). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15720-2_26

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