Guselkumab More Effectively Neutralizes Psoriasis-Associated Histologic, Transcriptomic, and Clinical Measures than Ustekinumab

Abstract

Given the key role of the IL-23/Th17 axis in the pathogenesis of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, several specific inhibitors of the p19 subunit of IL-23 have been approved to treat this chronic inflammatory disease. Clinical data indicate that guselkumab, one such selective IL-23 inhibitor, achieves greater clinical efficacy compared with ustekinumab, which inhibits both IL-12 and IL-23 via binding their shared p40 subunit. To understand mechanisms underlying the enhanced efficacy observed with the p19 subunit of IL-23–specific inhibition, we explored cellular and molecular changes in skin of psoriasis patients treated with ustekinumab or guselkumab and in ustekinumab inadequate responders (Investigator’s Global Assessment of psoriasis score ≥ 2) subsequently treated with guselkumab (ustekinumab→guselkumab). Skin biopsies were collected pretreatment and posttreatment to assess histologic changes and molecular responses in ustekinumab- and guselkumab-treated patients. Serum cytokines and skin transcriptomics from the subset of ustekinumab→guselkumab-treated patients were also analyzed to characterize differential treatment effects. Ustekinumab and guselkumab demonstrated differential effects on secretion of pathogenic Th17-related cytokines induced by IL-23 in in vitro assays, which suggest guselkumab is a more potent therapeutic agent. Consistent with these findings, guselkumab elicited a significantly greater reduction in cellular and molecular psoriasis-related disease indicators than ustekinumab. In ustekinumab→guselkumab patients, suppression of serum IL-17A and IL-17F levels and neutralization of molecular scar and psoriasis-related gene markers in skin were significantly greater compared with patients continuing ustekinumab. This comparative study demonstrates that guselkumab inhibits psoriasis-associated pathology, suppresses Th17-related serum cytokines, and normalizes the psoriasis skin gene expression profile more effectively than ustekinumab.