Two distinct mechanisms contribute to the constitutive activation of RelB in lymphoid cells

Abstract

The κB-motif is an important regulatory element both for constitutive lymphoid-specific as well as ubiquitous inducible transcriptional activity. We have shown previously that different members of the NF-κB/Rel family of transcription factors are responsible for these distinct functions. Whereas the p65/RelA protein is involved in inducible κB-dependent transcription, RelB is associated with constitutive activity in lymphoid cells. Here we have addressed the question of how RelB is constitutively activated in lymphoid cells. We demonstrate that this is achieved by two different mechanisms. Expression of relB as determined by measurement of stable RNA and protein levels is significantly enhanced in lymphoid organs compared with non-lymphoid organs. However, these observed differences in absolute amounts of RNA and protein would not suffice to explain the dramatic differences that are apparent at the level of active DNA binding complexes in extracts from the respective organs. We have therefore analyzed the interaction of RelB complexes with the IκB-α inhibitor protein. Our results show that RelB-containing complexes present in lymphoid extracts are much less susceptible to inhibition by IκB-α than RelA- or RelB-containing complexes from non-lymphoid cells. This difference might be due to post-translational modifications of the RelB protein or interaction with a lymphoid-specific cofactor for RelB.