Simultaneous pharmacokinetic assessment of phytopharmaceuticals in fenugreek extract using LC–MS/MS in Sprague–Dawley rats

Abstract

Fenugreek seeds are used in numerous marketed herbal formulations with therapeutic benefits. Some of its bioactive components such as 4-hydroxyisoleucine, trigonelline, raffinose, and pinitol are reported to possess potential therapeutic activities, such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, stomach stimulant, and anti-invasive, against hyperandrogenism and other allied diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome. A fully validated, selective, and sensitive bioanalytical method for the simultaneous rapid quantification of the aforementioned bioactive components has been developed using hyphenated liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The analytes were separated within 5 min using gradient elution in a C18 column at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Plasma protein precipitation technique was employed to isolate the analytes from the samples. Oral pharmacokinetic profile of the four bioactive components in Sprague–Dawley rats was further evaluated using noncompartmental analysis using Phoenix WinNonlin software.