Cross-Cultural Equivalence and Psychometric Properties of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Inviting School Survey-Revised

Abstract

The Inviting School Survey-Revised (ISS-R) was adapted and translated into Traditional Chinese (ISS-RC), using a five-stepprocess, based on international test administration guidelines, involving judgmental, logical, and empirical methods. Bothversions were administered to a convenience sample of Chinese-English fluent Hong Kong school community members(administrators, teachers, students, parents, and support personnel). A series of repeated measures ANOVAs revealedequivalence between the two versions, ISS-R and ISS-RC Total Scale and Subscales (variances, subscale correlations, internalconsistency) other than the Program Subscale overall mean difference. Item analyses, utilizing repeated measures ANOVAs,revealed significant differences in 11 of the 50 scale items. Suggestions for further development and refinement of the ChineseInvitational School Survey (ISS-RC) are presented. Additionally, recommendations for future research and application of theISS-R and ISS-RC are provided