Atomic origins of molecular polarizabilities

Abstract

We demonstrate that the multipole polarizability tensors of a molecule are expressible as a sum of atomic contributions, each of which is based upon the change in the spatial distribution of electronic charge within each atom resulting from the application of electric fields and field gradients. The use of the spatially defined atoms of subsystem quantum mechanics correctly partitions molecular polarizabilities into physically meaningful atomic contributions. It is shown that the origin of any molecular polarizability tensor may be understood from an investigation of these contributions and the general expressions for the summation of atomic components to yield molecular polarizabilities are presented. Their use is demonstrated by the construction and investigation of the axial components of the dipole-dipole, dipole-quadrupole, and quadrupole-quadrupole polarizability tensors of carbon monoxide and carbon sulfide.