The Structure and Characteristics of Contemporary Chinese Values

Abstract

本研究以事实驱动作为方法学切入点,系统研究了中国人的价值观结构及特点等问题.研究采用通过系统编制形成的,对工人、农民、专业技 术人员、大学生和中学生五类人群进行了测量.其中,1100份有效数据的探索性因素分析表明,中国人价值观是一个8因素结构,具体包括品格自律、才能务实 、公共利益、人伦情感、名望成就、家庭本位、守法从众、金钱权力;随后对1196份有效数据进行结构验证和信度检验,结果表明中国人价值观问卷(Chin ese Values Questionnaire,CVQ)具有良好的构想效度和信度.同时,通过对中国人价值观现状的分析发现,中国人价值观具有"好人定位"特点,并据此提 出相应的理论模型. Although many studies have concerned the values of the Chinese, only a few of these studies have been empirically based, and most of these either borrowed measurements from abroad or used participants who were students or young people. Studies on values in China need to have measures developed in China itself and to build an elaborated model of Chinese values based on research employing a variety of Chinese participants.Chinese Values Questionnaire (CVQ) was created based on the content analysis of structured interviews of 303 natives of China. The CVQ was then completed by 2296 native Chinese participants including workers,peasants, professionals, college students, and high school students from 12 provinces. An exploratory factor analysis of the responses of 1100 of these participants suggested that there were eight factors, and this structure was confirmed by a confirmatory factor analysis of the remaining 1196 participants. The eight factors were integrity,self-support/respect,public interest, love/happiness, prestige, family/equilibrium, conformity, and money/power.Reliability coefficients (Cronbach's a) ranged from 0.74 to 0.86.The eight factors we found are similar in some ways to other models of Chinese values, hut they also differ in ways that reflect the uniqueness of Chinese culture. One aspect of this uniqueness is the tendency, for the Chinese to think in terms of the "Good-person," indicated by higher scores on the integrity, self-support/respect,and public interests subscales. The high fit index and reliability of the eight factor model of Chinese Values suggests that the CVQ may be a good measure of Chinese values.