Habitual confectionery intake is associated with serum phosphorus levels: A cross-sectional study on healthy subjects

Abstract

Hyperphosphatemia is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been shown that high serum phosphorus levels are associated with increased cardiovascular events in healthy subjects, but the dietary factors determining serum phosphorus level have not been fully investigated. The study investigated the influence of habitual dietary factors on serum phosphorus levels in healthy young participants. This cross - sectional study conducted fasting blood sampling in 109 healthy young people and used a brief-type self - administered diet history questionnaire to evaluate the subject’s habitual meals. Since the bioavailability of dietary phosphorus depends on the food sources, habitual phosphorus intakes from different food groups and intake frequency (times/month) of processed foods were calculated. The mean serum phosphorus level was 3.9 ± 0.5 mg/dl; 10.1% of the subjects had serum phosphorus levels that exceeded the reference levels of ≤ 4.5 mg/dl. Total phosphorus intake and phosphorus intake from animal-based food did not differ between serum phosphorus quartiles. Higher intake of confectionery was associated with increased serum phosphorus levels. This study showed that frequent consumption of confectionery was associated with elevated serum phosphorus levels. Additional studies are needed to determine whether this is a causal relationship.