Mapuche horticulture: contributions to food security in a rural community of the Patagonian steppe

Abstract

Background and aims: Food insecurity is a global challenge faced by many rural populations. In this context, traditional horticulture mitigates this problem, promoting local food supply. This study aims to provide knowledge about the horticultural wealth, utility versatility and management practices that a Mapuche rural community deploys under conditions of socio-economic and environmental vulnerability. M&M: Semi-structured, open and in-depth interviews, observation and walking tours with the informants were carried out in 30 households that practiced horticulture located in the community of Gualjaina, Patagonian steppe. The richness and versatility of plant species, and management of water, soil and crops. Results: Total richness corresponded to 89 species. The greatest utility versatility corresponded to Rosa rubiginosa, Chenopodium album and Sambucus nigra. Different water sources (surface, sub-surface, mains water) and types of irrigation (hoses, flood, drip, sprinkler) were observed. The use of organic elements such as manure, compost and slurry was highlighted. Likewise, the implementation of water reservoirs, drip irrigation and green manures, provided by external organizations, was recorded. Conclusions: This study showed alternative management of food production in vulnerable environments, which could be a valuable contribution in the planning of proposals aimed at food security in traditional communities of the Patagonian steppe.