Are dietary fish oil supplements appropriate for dyslipidemia management? A review of the evidence

Abstract

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to assess whether dietary fish oil supplements can be appropriate for patients with elevated triglycerides and cardiovascular risk based on a comprehensive analysis of their composition, and level of regulatory oversight.Recent findingsApproximately 19 million people in the United States take fish oil supplements, many for the purpose of treating or preventing heart disease. Unlike prescription products, fish oil supplements are classified as food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are not required to undergo manufacturing oversight or clinical testing. Analysis of widely used dietary fish oil supplements show that they may have lower amounts of ω-3 than advertised as well as significant levels of saturated fat and oxidized oils which actually may contribute to dyslipidemia. Clinical outcome trials have failed to show a consistent cardiovascular benefit with fish oil supplements and other low-dose mixed ω-3 fatty acids.SummaryIn light of limited regulatory oversight and evidence of quality concerns, dietary fish oil supplements are not an appropriate substitute for FDA approved prescription ω-3 fatty acids for their indicated use in treatment of elevated triglycerides or the prevention of cardiovascular events.