Green Electrochemical Sensors, Their Applications and Greenness Metrics Used: A Review

Abstract

Green analytical methods are important techniques that aim to reduce or eliminate the use of harmful chemicals and waste in various analyses. These methods, based on green chemistry principles, are environmentally friendly and reliable. Electrochemical techniques have an essential role in diverse analyses, and are presented as a superior alternative to existing analytical devices in terms of different parameters. In the present review, we have comprehensively covered electrochemistry-based sensors that are developed using green chemistry principles and evaluated their performance characteristics and specific working conditions. We here included sensors developed based on potentiometry and voltammetry methodologies, and detailed their greenness potentials based on certain metrics. Considering the advantages provided by these environmentally friendly new generation sensors, it will be inevitable for researchers working in this field to direct their attention to sensors that can be produced with green approaches.