Fibulin-4 is associated with prognosis of endometrial cancer patients and inhibits cancer cell invasion and metastasis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Abstract

Fibulin-4, an extracellular glycoprotein, which plays significant roles in elastic fiber assembly, is correlated to the progression of some cancers. However, the role of fibulin-4 in endometrial cancer cell invasion and metastasis remains unexplored. In our study, fibulin-4 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in normal endometrial tissues and endometrial carcinoma tissues. Using single cell cloning, strongly, and weakly, invasive subclones were derived from KLE and Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma cell lines. RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) were used to assess mRNA and protein expressions of fibulin-4 in primary cultured endometrial cells, 4 types of endometrial cancer cell lines, and the different invasive subclones. Using lentivirus transfection, fibulin-4 shRNA and pLVX-fibulin-4 were constructed and used to infect the strongly and weakly invasive subclones. The effects of fibulin-4 on the biological characteristics of endometrial carcinoma cells were detected by cell functional assays in vitro and in vivo. Using Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor XAV-939 and activator LiCl, we detected the role of fibulin-4 in the Wnt/ β-catenin pathway and the relationship with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fibulin-4 was decreased in endometrial carcinoma tissues, and loss of fibulin-4 expression was significantly related with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of endometrial carcinoma. Fibulin-4 significantly inhibited endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and EMT through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Fibulin-4 has the ability to suppress endometrial cancer progression. These results can contribute to the development of a new potential therapeutic target for patients with endometrial carcinoma.