Oncogenes associated with oral cancer-an update

Abstract

Oral cancer and oropharyngeal cancer represent a large group disorder that falls into the head and neck category and is considered as the most leading cause of death in developing countries. The prime reason for the high mortality rate of patients suffering from oral cancer is the delay in the diagnosis of the type and grade of oral cancer and also in the offering of prompt treatment. A report from India demonstrated that 35% of oral squamous carcinoma contains H-ras gene mutations which are an oncogene. Advances in the field of oncogenes have created an instrument to examine the various phases of carcinogenesis, including progress from premalignant to metastatic stages. These systems have direct importance to oral malignancy where the precancerous stage is very much characterized. Primer investigations into the articulation and capacity of oncogenes recommend anomalies including the individual proliferation of at least three kinds of these oncogenes. Some of the oncogenes associated with oral cancer are studied in this article and the factors contributing to its molecular basis like chromosome instability and telomerase activity are also discussed briefly. There are many risk factors and other predisposing factors that may affect the diagnosis, prognosis, and progression of oral cancer and are also discussed in this article.