Role of the Iodothyronine Deiodinases in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Thyroid Hormone Action

Abstract

such as the hedgehog proteins, FoxO3, or the wnt/ ␤ catenin pathway together with the actions of thyroid hormone transporters, direct adjustments of nuclear receptor-bound T3 which in turn can control the balance between cellular proliferation and differentiation. Their actions provide dy-namic flexibility to what appears on the surface to be a very static hormonal system.