Relationship between behavioral-related variables and dental caries prevalence among university students: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the association between behavioral-related variables (physical activity, BMI, dental check-ups) and dental caries prevalence among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,322 university students using WHO oral examination criteria and a standardized behavioral questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was performed adjusting for sex to estimate associations between PA, BMI, dental check-up behaviors and dental caries. Results: The overall caries detection rate among college students was 35.1%. The rate was significantly higher in females (43.1%) than in males (24.1%, p < 0.01). Binary logistic regression revealed that female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.90–2.79) was a risk factor for dental caries. Protective factors included regular dental examinations (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.46–0.69), moderate-intensity physical exercise ≥30 min per week (1–2 times/week: OR = 0.47; 3–4 times/week: OR = 0.32; ≥5 times/week: OR = 0.62), and normal body mass index (BMI; OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62–0.90). Conclusion: Caries prevention strategies for college students should incorporate gender-specific approaches, emphasize regular dental examinations, and promote moderate physical exercise to reduce caries risk and support lifelong oral health management.