Longitudinal association of chronic diseases with depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults in China: Mediation by functional limitations, social interaction, and life satisfaction

Abstract

Background Several previous studies have shown that the development of depression is often accompanied by chronic diseases; although closely related, the mechanism between them is not clear. Here we investigate the potential role of functional limitations, social interaction, and life satisfaction in the relationship between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults in China. Methods We selected 2407 respondents aged ≥45 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in 2013, 2015, and 2018. We established panel data to estimate the longitudinal impact of chronic diseases on depressive symptoms and the mediating role of functional limitations, social interaction, and life satisfaction. Results Chronic diseases were associated with more depressive symptoms. All of the mediating pathways examined passed functional limitations, and approximately 43.4% of the association between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms was explained by these three mediating variables. Conclusions The impact of chronic diseases on depressive symptoms was primarily mediated by functional limitations, and the mediating role of social interaction and life satisfaction was also confirmed. Therefore, attention should be paid to reducing the level of functional limitation in middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases and improving life satisfaction by increasing social opportunities to alleviate depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.