Kesedaran komuniti terhadap isu pencemaran sungai di Sungai Pinang, Pulau Pinang

Abstract

Abstrak. Kajian kualiti air di kawasan perindustrian Subang Jaya (Kawasan Perindustrian Ultramine dan Sungai Penaga) dan Shah Alam (Seksyen 15) di sekitar perairan Sungai Klang telah dilakukan pada awal bulan September sehingga Disember 1999. Enam kali pensampelan iaitu dua kali semasa Hari Panas (HP) dan empat kali semasa Hari Hujan (HH) telah dilakukan. Sebanyak sepuluh stesen pensampelan telah dipilih dalam kajian ini iaitu Stesen SJ1 hingga Stesen SJ5 di Subang Jaya dan Stesen SA1 sehingga Stesen SA5 di Shah Alam. Parameter-parameter kualiti air dalam kajian ini melibatkan parameter yang diukur secara in situ iaitu suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut (DO) dan kekonduksian dan parameter kualiti air yang dianalisis dalam makmal iaitu warna, kekeruhan, jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS), minyak dan gris, permintaan oksigen kimia (COD), fosfat, nitrogen ammonia (N-NH 3), permintaan oksigen biokimia (BOD), plumbum dan kadmium berdasarkan kaedah piawai APHA. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan paras kepekatan bahan pencemar dan membandingkannya mengikut Hari Panas (HP) dan Hari Hujan (HH). Hasil ujian ANOVA Faktor Tunggal menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan (p<0.05) bagi parameter suhu, kekonduksian, DO, warna, kekeruhan dan fosfat antara Hari Panas (HH) dengan Hari Hujan (HH). Secara keseluruhannya kualiti air di kebanyakan stesen pensampelan adalah sederhana tercemar (Kelas IV berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air, IKA, Jabatan Alam Sekitar Malaysia). Stesen SJ1 (27.32%) dan Stesen SA1 (30.15%) berada dalam Kelas V pada hari panas. Pada hari hujan, peningkatan IKA menunjukkan peningkatan kualiti air iaitu dalam julat IKA 37.66-54.19%. Hasil kajian juga dibandingan dengan Piawai Interim Kualiti Air Kebangsaan Malaysia (INWQS) dan Peraturan Efluen Kumbahan dan Perindustrian 1978, Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974. Abstract. A study on the water quality of the industrial areas of Subang Jaya (Ultramine and Sungai Penaga Industrial Zones) and Shah Alam (Section 15) within the Klang River Valley had been carried out from September to December 1999. Six samplings on six dates were carried out consisting of two sunny days and four rainy days. During this study, ten sampling sites were chosen, they were Station SJ1 to Station SJ5 in Subang Jaya and Station SA1to Station SA5 in Shah Alam. The water quality parameters studied were in situ parameters of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and conductivity, and laboratory analyzed water quality parameters of colour, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), oil and grease, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate, ammonical nitrogen (N-NH 3), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), lead and cadmium, based on standard methods of APHA. The objectives of the study were to determine the concentration of pollutants and comparing the results of sunny days (HP) to those of rainy days (HH). Single factor ANOVA showes that there were significant differences (p<0.05) for temperature, conductivity, DO, colour, turbidity and phosphate between sunny and rainy days. Results showed that a majority of the sampling stations were polluted (Class IV based on WQI) except at Station SJ1 (27.32%) and Station SA1 (30.15%) which were classified as Class V (very polluted) during sunny days. During rainy days, higher WQI indicates that the quality of the water have improved, these were in the range of WQI 37.66-54.19%.